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        • New method for making functional textiles and fibers
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        • Camera Motion Stabilization
        • Inverse multiplexing to control data transfer
        • Method for Extracting a Semantic Parameter
        • Motion of a Multiple Camera System
        • Improved resolution for a moving object
        • Method of processing a sequence of color images
        • Detecting Moving Objects from a Moving Camera
        • Amplifier With Compensated Gate Bias
        • Detecting Concealed Objects Using Electromagnetic Waves
        • Image Processing Apparatus And Contrast Correction
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      • TNO employee stories
        • Niek van Brederode, Infrastructure team leader
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        • Peter Paul van ’t Veen, business developer Innovation for Development
        • Mathilde Miedema, programme director Innovation for Development
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    • Focus Areas
      • Artificial Intelligence
        • Application areas
          • Challenges
          • Techniques
          • Personalised health
          • Autonomous Vehicles and Systems
          • Cyber security
          • Predictive Maintenance
          • Data-driven policy
          • Smart Industry
        • Use cases
          • Program line 1: Safe autonomous systems in an open world
          • Program line 2: Responsible human-machine interaction
        • News
          • NL AI Coalitie invests in Appl.AI program
          • Appl.AI Events
      • Defence, Safety & Security
        • Roadmaps
          • Operations & Human Factors
          • Information & Sensor Systems
          • National Security
          • Protection, Munitions & Weapons
        • Expertise groups
          • Acoustics and Sonar
          • Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Protection
          • Electronic Defence
          • Energetic Materials
          • Explosions, Ballistics and Protection
          • Human Behaviour and Organisational Innovation
          • Human Machine Teaming
          • Human Performance
          • Intelligent Autonomous Systems
          • Intelligent Imaging
          • Military Operations
          • Modelling, Simulation and Gaming
          • Networked Organisations
          • Radar Technology
          • Weapon Systems
      • Energy Transition
        • Roadmaps
          • Renewable electricity
          • System transition
          • Towards CO2 neutral industry
          • Sustainable subsurface
        • Expertise
          • Advisory Group for Economic Affairs
          • Biobased and Circular Technologies
          • Geo Data & IT
          • Geomodelling
          • Heat Transfer & Fluid Dynamics
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          • Sustainable Process & Energy Systems
          • Sustainable Technologies for Industrial Processes
          • Wind energy
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          • Optics
          • Optomechatronics
          • Nano Instrumentation
          • Quantum Technology
          • Materials Solutions
          • Food and Pharma Printing
      • Buildings, Infrastructure & Maritime
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          • Safe and Sustainable Living Environment
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      • Traffic & Transport
        • Roadmaps
          • SMART and Safe Traffic and Transport
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        • Expertise groups
          • TNO research on powertrains
          • Research on integrated vehicle safety
          • Sustainable Transport and Logistics
          • Sustainable Urban Mobility and Safety
      • Information & Communication Technology
        • Roadmaps
          • Fast open infrastructures
          • Data sharing
          • Trusted ICT
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        • Expertise groups
          • Data Science
          • Embedded Systems Innovation (ESI)
          • Networks
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          • Cyber Security & Robustness
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      • Tech Transfer
        • Mission Tech Transfer
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        • Projects
          • Benzene Sensor | Detecting low concentration benzene
          • Bright View Energy | Harvesting solar energy from the window surface
          • CAIREbox | A sensor platform that monitors air quality
          • Calosol | New coating extracts more energy from sunlight
          • Netsquid | Simulation is an essential step in quantum internet development
          • Nitrate sensor | Real-time monitoring of soil and surface water quality
          • Paradise Foods | From meat to plant-based alternatives using 3D printing
          • Particle sensor | making hazardous substances visible in the workplace
          • Psycat | Flagging up psychosocial problems in children
          • Solar riders | e-bikes that generate their own electricity
          • StreetWise | a method for assessing the safety of self-driving cars
          • Temperature sensor | Sensors printed on ultrathin film enable large area monitoring
          • Thermochrome Coatings | Coated windows save energy
          • Third-Party Security Tool | Insight into IT dependencies on third parties
          • Targettri | Identification of the side effects on new drugs
          • TransBiometrics | From fingerprints to recognising vein patterns beneath the skin
          • Underwater acoustic data transmission
        • Spin-offs
          • AMSYSTEMS | 3D printing at a higher level
          • Asset Hub | Detecting cracks in brickwork
          • Blue Heart Energy | New type of heat pump
          • Carbyon | From lower to negative CO2 emissions
          • Cellcius | compact, loss-free and cheap
          • CollaneX Therapeutics | Working on a breakthrough in the fight against fibrosis
          • Delta Diagnostics | Biosensors are going to save lives worldwide
          • Keiron | Innovative printing technology for electronics and microlabs
          • LeydenJar | revolutionary type of anode battery
          • Linksight | Create data-driven insights together, without sharing sensitive data
          • LionVolt | revolutionary battery
          • Nearfield Instruments | World leader in metrology
          • Newton Energy Solutions | Home heat storage to bring big cuts in energy bills
          • Orange Quantum Systems | Customized quantum computers
          • Pharmaprint | Digital production of medicines by pharmacists
          • Relement | Aromatics from biomass
          • Retinascope | Hand-held camera for detecting eye diseases
          • SALDtech | New Generation Displays
          • SHM Next | Detect and predict damage in bridge structures
          • Sightlabs | Digital warrior discovers cyber intruders
          • Solar Visuals | aesthetic solar panels
          • SolaRoad | Energy of the street
          • Studio Automated | AI video production of live events
          • TBQ | New approach helps improve fire safety
          • Tiledmedia | high quality VR image streaming
          • TORWASH | Waste sludge from cost item to source of revenue
          • TrustTester Solutions | key to online privacy and new forms of digital services
          • Valley Optics | Opto-mechanical systems
        • 25 TNO spin-offs in the spotlight
        • Updates
        • Contact
        • About TNO
    • Collaboration
      • How We Work
      • Expertise
        • Early Research Program
      • Find a TNO employee
      • Partners of TNO
      • Patents and Licenses
        • Overview patents
        • Licensing opportunities
          • E-safety tag
          • On-demand-TV in a High Speed Bundled Access Network
          • New method for making functional textiles and fibers
          • Car sickness control unit
          • Camera Motion Stabilization
          • Inverse multiplexing to control data transfer
          • Method for Extracting a Semantic Parameter
          • Motion of a Multiple Camera System
          • Improved resolution for a moving object
          • Method of processing a sequence of color images
          • Detecting Moving Objects from a Moving Camera
          • Amplifier With Compensated Gate Bias
          • Detecting Concealed Objects Using Electromagnetic Waves
          • Image Processing Apparatus And Contrast Correction
      • TNO and SME’S
        • Initial orientation
        • Knowledge transfer
        • Knowledge application
        • Knowledge development
        • Cooperation partners
          • Industrial Associations
        • Contact
      • TNO in Europe
        • INTERREG 10-Point Plan 2021 - 2027
        • THE RTO INNOVATION SUMMIT
        • Recent projects
          • ViruScan: Revolutionary Advancement in Virus Diagnostics
          • Envisioning a European Platform Economy
          • QLSI will Contribute to EC Quantum Computing Goals
          • CHE: Helping Europe Achieve Paris Agreement Goals
        • EU Breakthrough Projects
      • PhD Community
        • Events
        • Board
      • TNO as partner for the SME
    • About TNO
      • Mission and strategy
        • TNO Strategy 2022-2025
        • TNO Code
        • Towards an inclusive organisation
      • Organisation
        • Executive Board
        • Supervisory Board
        • Council for Defence Research
      • Lead Scientists
      • International
      • Locations
      • TNO and its social role
        • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
        • Innovation for development
          • Sustainable construction
          • Protein transition
          • Circular economy
          • Child health
          • Sustainable energy
          • Employment
        • Animal testing policy
          • Policy
          • Animal-Free Innovations
          • Better Alternatives
          • Collaboration
          • Animals in Life Sciences Research
          • Facts and Figures 2018
      • News
      • Events
      • Research on hot topics
        • Real-world vehicle emissions
        • Real world fuel consumption of passenger cars
      • More about our work
        • TNO Newsletters
        • The Impact of TNO
        • Annual Reports
        • TNO Working Paper Series
        • Press kit
          • Press kit: Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge 2016
      • Contact
        • FAQ
        • Corporate Legal
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      • Webinar overview
        • Webinars 2021
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    • Career
      • Vacancies
      • Areas of Expertise
        • Data Science & Cyber Security
        • Working for TNO safety, (cyber)security and defence
        • TNO Delft – working at the heart of technology
        • Green jobs: Challenges in hydrogen research
      • Students and starters
        • Traineeship
        • TNO is looking for ambitious starters
        • Jong TNO
        • TNO and your study
          • Artificial Intelligence
          • Computer Science
          • Econometrics
          • Mathematics
          • Electrical Engineering
          • Physics
          • Mechanical Engineering
          • Aerospace Engineering
          • Other studies
          • Open applications
        • Internships and graduation assignments
        • TNO Talks
          • TNO Talks ep. 1: Boris Kingma
          • TNO Talks ep. 2: Kees Buijsrogge
          • TNO Talks ep. 3: Nora Fahrenfort
        • 'Get to Know TNO' webinars
          • Energy Transition and Sustainability
          • Mobility and Air Quality
          • Health
          • Safety
      • TNO as an employer
        • Terms and conditions of employment
        • Selection process
        • All services for Impats
        • TNO employee stories
          • Niek van Brederode, Infrastructure team leader
          • Yvette Fleming, business developer Child Health International
          • Belma Turkovic, junior scientist innovator Networks
          • Joris Sijs, lead scientist AI and autonomous systems
          • Judith Dijk, senior research scientist
          • Bart Sander, team leader in the Guarding, Security & Counter-terrorism team
          • Noura El Ouajdi, ecosystem lead Consortium for Automated Security Operations
          • Peter Paul van ’t Veen, business developer Innovation for Development
          • Mathilde Miedema, programme director Innovation for Development
          • Annemieke Kips, research manager Networks
          • Berry Vetjens, Market Director ICT
          • Marjolein Meijerink, medior scientist Immunology
          • Ashok Sridhar, Business Developer
          • Ronald Dekker, labour economist
          • Sjors Braam, Junior Scientist Integrator
          • Shari Finner, Trainee
          • Bastiaan Wissingh, Senior Scientist Integrator
          • Stefanie Bus, geohydrologist
          • Karim El Assal, Junior Scientist Innovator
          • Joanne Donkers, junior scientist
          • Cássio Xavier Silva, Trainee
          • Kallol Das, Medior research scientist
          • Sandesh Manganahalli Jayaprakash, junior scientist
          • Laurie Hermans, Social scientist
          • Sri Ganesan, mobility consultant
          • Mirjam Nelisse, research scientist
          • Romée Kars, Geologist
          • Jurrit Bergsma, business developer and PhD candidate
          • Sayeda Nowrozon Nahar, chemical engineer
          • Caroline van der Weerdt, senior consultant consumer behaviour
          • Martijn van Roermund, deputy research manager
          • Ardi Dortmans, director of science
          • Mathieu Baas, program manager
          • Bilim Atli, Research Scientist
          • Dick van Smirren, manager
          • Gabriele Spini, cryptologist
          • Nadine Wennersbusch, senior project manager
          • Benjamin Brenny, Optical Designer
          • Jacqueline van Veldhoven, Researcher
          • Nora Fahrenfort, system engineer
          • Robert Muller, Junior Scientist & Innovator
          • Bart Jan Peet, Junior Scientist Innovator
          • Anna Tchebotareva, senior scientist
          • Edwin Harmsma, Software Engineer
          • Earl Goetheer, Principal Scientist
          • Alex Sangers, Technical Innovator
          • Bob Dirks, Systems Engineer
          • Ton van Koersel, Senior Business Developer
          • Giampiero Gerini, Senior scientist
          • Stefan Bäumer, Senior optical designer
      • Privacy statement
      • Contact
        • Our corporate recruiters
          • Marco van Tongeren, corporate recruiter
          • Maike Hulscher
          • Brahim Dagdaoui, corporate recruiter
          • Yvonne Pribnow
          • Anne-Maartje den Uijl
          • Heleen Stork
          • Jane Duinisveld
          • Lara Dimitrovski
          • Michaël Declercq
          • Paul Verschoor
        • Meet TNO
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    Expertise groups

    TNO research on powertrains

    Research on integrated vehicle safety

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    Sustainable Urban Mobility and Safety

    • Artificial Intelligence
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        • Program line 1: Safe autonomous systems in an open world
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          • Situation awareness in autonomous driving
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        • Program line 2: Responsible human-machine interaction
          • Secure learning in money laundering detection
          • Fair decision making in the job market
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          • TNO shapes the future of MMICs and RFICs
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          • SAKAMATA: sonar and marine mammals
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            • Sonar distinguishes fish species
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          • A new vision on modernizing the emergency reporting process
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          • Automatic Video Compilation and Analysis System (AVACS)
          • The Dutch Cyber Cube Method: Improving Human Capital for SOCs and CSIRTs
          • Concealed weapon detection
          • FP7 Project IMPACT Europe
          • Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) policies in Europe
          • @MIGO: border control
          • Smarter Surveillance, man, machine, synergy
          • Cyber Security of Industrial Control Systems
          • Privacy enhancing techniques in cyber security data sharing
          • Driving Innovation in Crisis Management with DRIVER+
          • Crisis management: new challenges, new opportunities
          • The learning professional: resilient and deployable for the long term
        • Protection, Munitions & Weapons
          • Weapons systems control and analysis
          • Weapon Effects & Protection Center
          • Firepower
            • Missile system performance
          • Protection and survivability of vehicles
            • Spall Liners
          • Naval protection and survivability
            • Mechanical shock testing
          • Infrastructure protection and survivability
            • SPIRIT
            • Defence and Energy
          • World-class ballistics research
            • High-Speed X-ray (HSX): unique ballistics test method
            • Unique facilities for testing RPG protection
            • Services Ballistics Research
            • Fragmentation Analysis
            • Blast Testing and Data Acquisition
          • Countering Explosive Threats
          • Materials for protection concepts
          • Processing of Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics
            • Pyrotechnics and fireworks
          • Ammunition Safety
            • Environmental effects and safety aspects of ammunition
            • Impulsive Noise
            • Lifetime studies of missiles and munition
            • The transmission of noise and noise nuisance
            • IM Tests
          • Ballistic Performance and Personal Protection
          • Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Protection
            • Testing your Bio-detector
          • Anticipating accidents, incidents and threats
          • Protecting those who protect us
          • Process Safety Solutions: Expertise in Handling Hazardous Conditions Safely
      • Expertise groups
        • Acoustics and Sonar
          • JOMOPANS: Monitoring underwater sound in the North Sea
        • Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Protection
        • Electronic Defence
        • Energetic Materials
        • Explosions, Ballistics and Protection
        • Human Behaviour and Organisational Innovation
        • Human Machine Teaming
          • Human performance in adverse and demanding environments
        • Human Performance
        • Intelligent Autonomous Systems
        • Intelligent Imaging
        • Military Operations
        • Modelling, Simulation and Gaming
        • Networked Organisations
        • Radar Technology
        • Weapon Systems
    • Energy Transition
      • Roadmaps
        • Renewable electricity
          • Towards large-scale generation of wind energy
            • The important of support structures
              • Design limitations for future very large monopiles
              • Optimization of a floating support structure for a VAWT
              • Integral design floating wind turbine support structure
              • TKI Project: IDL Tower
              • Installation gravity-based structures for offshore wind turbines
            • Wind turbines, fully in motion
              • Innovation towards 10-20 MW offshore wind turbines
              • Modeling 10MW+ turbines aerodynamically
              • Design for Reliable Power Performance (D4REL)
              • Optimised wind blade tip design
              • Vortex-wake models in wind turbine design
              • Modelling improvement wind turbine blades
              • Converters for Clean, Low Cost Electricity
              • Haliade X: largest wind turbine ever
              • New research on blade tip improvements
            • Less production per wind turbine, still higher yield
              • Scaling up to 10 - 20 MW wind turbines
              • Wind farm control to boost wind farm performance
              • Wind Farm Control Trials
              • Dutch Offshore Wind Atlas
              • Integrating offshore wind into the electricity grid
              • Den Helder optimising wind farm maintenance
            • Logistics innovative strength at home and abroad
              • Simulation software tools
            • Wind turbine management and maintenance
              • Project SPOWTT
            • Wind farms in synergy with the environment
            • Innovative methods for wind measurements
              • LiDAR improve wind energy efficiency
              • Surface roughness effects, transition on performance
              • Accredited measurements for wind energy application
              • Unique wind turbine inflow measurements
              • Offshore wind farm measurement Lidar
            • Keeping the electricity grid stable when there’s a surplus of wind and solar
          • Innovation and the rise of solar energy
            • Solar farms respecting landscape and nature
              • Solar panels on farmland
              • Research innovative solar parks
              • Better design of solar parks
              • Savings on solar farm operations and maintenance
              • Floating solar panels on inland waterbodies
              • Offshore solar energy
              • National Consortium Solar in Landscape
              • National Consortium Solar on Water
              • Field lab floating solar
              • Research into environmental effects of solar, wind energy
            • Solar energy on buildings and infrastructure
              • Solar panels in façades
              • Solar windows
              • More focus on safety of solar systems
              • Solar heat and PV-T
              • Roofs for solar energy
              • Noise barriers producing solar energy
              • Solar energy in road surfaces and crash barriers
              • Solar panel energy generated on dikes
              • Solar and infrastructure
              • Outdoor test facility for BIPV(T)
              • Solar Highways
            • Solar-powered cars
              • Solar cells in the bodywork
              • Solar Powered Transportation
            • Mass customization
              • Integrating solar cells into roofs
              • Mass customization labs
            • Solar panel efficiency
              • Silicon PV
              • Thin-film PV
              • Tandem PV
              • Bifacial PV
              • Back contact solar panels
              • Solliance
              • Thinfilm PV lab
              • Solar lab
            • New technologies make PV more versatile
              • Perovskite-based solar cells
              • Recyclable solar modules
              • Solar cells in aerospace
              • From renewable to sustainable solar panels
            • Webinar: Innovations in solar energy technologies
            • Putting Europe back in the lead in solar panel production
        • System transition
          • The social aspects of the energy transition
            • TNO facilities for research into environmental effects of solar and wind energy
            • Effective interventions to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy poverty
            • Green and Ease under one roof
            • Capacity building programme for energy efficiency in industry
            • Zooming in on the future to make the right choices
            • Scenarios for a climate-neutral energy system
            • A fair system without energy poverty
            • Financing the energy transition
            • LAUNCH
          • Successful neighbourhood approach: motivate residents
          • Towards a reliable, affordable and fair energy system
            • Sector coupling: the engine of a CO2-free society
              • The Mayor of your North Sea
            • Energy Conversion and Storage
              • Large-scale energy storage
              • Integration of North Sea energy systems saves billions
              • Energy islands and green production platforms
              • Dutch ports: future energy hub in Northwest Europe
            • Future-proof energy grids
              • GO-e consortium energy flexibility built environment
            • Future-proof energy markets
            • Energy storage platform: working on energy storage after 2030
            • Robustness and flexibility of the energy system
            • Energy Transport Infrastructure
        • Towards CO2 neutral industry
          • Reducing CO2 emissions through capture, use and storage
            • SEWGS: revolutionary CO2-reduction technology and blue hydrogen production
            • STEPWISE and FReSMe: CO2 reduction solutions for the steel industry
            • 3D-printing for CO2 capture productivity increase
            • Multi-partner ALIGN-CCUS project
            • CEMCAP
            • Reduce emissions steel industry
            • CO₂ capture with AVR
            • On-site CO₂ Capture Services: reducing emissions cost effectively
          • Hydrogen for a sustainable energy supply
            • Optimising production hydrogen
              • Ember methane pyrolysis
              • Hydrogen production: the economic perspective for Dutch industry
            • Hydrogen storage and transport
              • Project HY3: Germany and The Netherlands investigate scaling up green hydrogen
            • Hydrogen, fuel and feedstock
            • H-vision: blue hydrogen to accelerate carbon-low industry
            • 15 things you need to know about hydrogen
            • World first: Green hydrogen production in the North Sea
            • New research centre for hydrogen production
            • Identifying the future international chain of green hydrogen
            • Opportunities for green hydrogen for the manufacturing industry investigated
            • Hydrogen from offshore wind: optimising the electricity grid
            • Faraday lab: optimising and scaling up electrolysis
            • Blue hydrogen paves the way for green hydrogen
          • Biomass to fuels and feedstock
            • ARBAHEAT - Sustainable future for coal-fired power stations possible through conversion to biomass
            • AMBITION Advanced biofuel production from lignin rich residues
            • BECOOL EU Brazilian cooperation on advanced biofuels
            • Horti-BlueC - a new EU cooperation on reducing Bio-waste and CO2-footprint in horticulture
            • UNRAVEL - valorization of lignocellulosic biomass
            • MacroFuels advanced biofuels from seaweed
            • BRISK2 Biofuel Research Infrastructure for Sharing Knowledge
            • New facility for seaweed processing
            • TORWASH technology successful for waste water treatment and recycling plastics
            • Biofuels lab: Making transport more sustainable with biofuels
            • Take-Off: Sustainable aviation fuels from CO2, water and green energy
            • HEREWEAR: Circular textiles from locally-sourced bio-based materials
            • Transition to e-fuels: a strategy for HIC Rotterdam
          • Re-use of existing infrastructure to accelerate the energy transition
          • Sustainable Industrial Heat System
            • STEPS: Industrial heat pump for steam production
            • CRUISE: Cost redustion Industrial Heat pumps
            • PCM Scale-up: Developing industrial scale PCM heat storage
            • Low Capex industrial heat pump
            • TASTE: ThermoAcoustic high temperature STEam producing heat pump
          • 4 pioneering routes to a CO2 neutral industry
          • Research facility Industrial Electrification accelerates greening of Rotterdam port
          • Mollier facility: innovating in industrial drying technology
          • Research facility for negative CO2 emissions
          • Carnot lab accelerates sustainable industrial heat management
          • Using energy and raw materials efficiently in industry
            • E-Champ: Energy-efficient Combined Heat And Mass Process
            • COSMOS: Organic solvent nanofiltration membranes on low cost ceramic supports
            • HEADLINES: Heat-integrated Distillation enabling innovative ethylene crackers
            • EuRyDice: Energy-efficient valorization of components from process streams
          • e-Missi0n MOOI: TNO supports Dow and Shell in electric cracking
          • CO2 reduction requires improvement of industrial processes
          • Making the industrial energy transition feasible and affordable
        • Sustainable subsurface
          • Geological Survey of the Netherlands
            • Geological Survey of the Netherlands
              • 100 years of geological mapping
              • GeoTOP
              • Sand, gravel and clay extraction
              • GIS and other tools for interactive planning
              • DINO, Data and Information of the Dutch Subsurface
              • BRO: the Dutch Key Register of the Subsurface
              • Sustainable use and management Flemish-Dutch subsurface
              • Petroleum Geological Atlas of the Southern Permian Basin
              • 3D Subsurface mapping of the Dutch offshore
            • Geological Survey of the Netherlands across borders
              • GeoERA
          • Towards an energy-producing environment
            • Accelerated renovation of homes and buildings
            • Accelerating sustainability of local heating supply
              • Innovation lab geothermal energy open for entrepreneurs
              • Realise underground heat storage on a large scale
              • Innovative drilling technique for extracting geothermal heat
              • Affordable and sustainable heat
              • Cost reduction of transport systems for geothermal district heat
            • Business parks can provide a sustainability boost
              • [email protected] accelerates energy efficiency in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
            • Traditional fuels and raw materials
              • Everest: robust optimization of well planning and control
              • Paleo-Five: The final frontier in North Sea exploration
              • FOAM: Injecting soap makes gas exploitation more sustainable
      • Expertise
        • Advisory Group for Economic Affairs
        • Biobased and Circular Technologies
          • Biomass to fuels and chemicals
        • Geo Data & IT
        • Geomodelling
          • Subsidence in the Netherlands
        • Heat Transfer & Fluid Dynamics
          • Good vibrations – a 40-year quest for solutions in fluid dynamics
        • Applied Geosciences
        • Solar Energy
          • Solar Energy expertise
          • Solar Energy facilities
        • Solar Technologies & Applications
        • Sustainable Process & Energy Systems
          • Sustainable Chemistry
          • Thermal Energy
          • Gas Treatment
          • The kick-off to SCORES an EU project on energy efficient buildings
        • Sustainable Technologies for Industrial Processes
          • Energy Efficiency
          • Basic Oxygen Furnace Gas to Urea
        • Wind energy
    • Industry
      • Roadmaps
        • Flexible & Free-form Products
          • Hybrid Printed Electronics
          • Thin-Film Electronics
          • 3D Printing for flexible production of personalised medicine
            • Merck on 3D printing of medicine
            • PHOENIX group on 3D printing in pharma
          • Enabling the Future of 3D-Printed Food
          • PITC: Accelerating Market Adoption of Integrated Photonics
        • Space & Scientific Instrumentation
          • Earth Observation
            • Small Satellites
            • Satellite Data Utilisation
            • TROPOMI
            • Space instrument calibration
            • TANGO satellite: monitoring greenhouse gas emissions
          • Satellite Communication
            • RF Satellite Communication
            • Enabling Quantum-Secure Communication with SatCom Technology
          • Ground-based Astronomy
            • Support Structures for Segmented Mirrors
            • Precision actuators
            • Laser Guide Star Launch Telescopes
            • Deformable Mirrors correct wavefronts for Astronomy and Laser Communications
            • PRIMA Star Separator for VLTI telescopes
            • VLT Four Laser Guide Star Optical Tube Assembly
          • Space based astronomy
            • Gaia maps the Milky Way - in pin-sharp detail and 3D
            • Gaia Basic Angle Monitoring system
            • Gaia Wave Front Sensor
            • PEASSS in Space – PiezoElectric Assisted Smart Satellite
            • HIFI instrument for the Herschel Space Observatory
          • Optics Manufacturing
        • Semiconductor Equipment
          • System Lifetime and productivity (contamination control)
            • EBL2 EUV exposure and analysis facility
            • Chip cooling: high cooling capacity Integrated in microelectronics
          • Metrology and equipment concepts
            • Photonics
              • Delta diagnostics
              • Nanomefos
              • New records: format, price and precision
              • Particle Scanner
            • Rapid detection of the smallest particles
            • Towards high throughput scanning probe microscopy (Spm)
            • Line width roughness measurement
          • Medical devices
          • Quantum Technology
            • NAQT
            • QuTech
            • QITT Offers Independent Quantum Technology Testing
            • Quantum Industry Test Facilities
        • Smart Industry
          • Data Sharing
          • Digitization crucial for circular industry
          • Smart Work
          • Smart Response
          • Flexible Manufacturing
          • Digital Twinning
          • Projects
            • Effective human robot cooperation & augmented reality support
            • Smart and Connected Factory
          • Partners
            • SMITZH
            • Data Value Center
          • 3D printing
      • Expertise groups
        • Holst Centre
        • Space Systems Engineering
        • Optics
        • Optomechatronics
        • Nano Instrumentation
        • Quantum Technology
        • Materials Solutions
          • Geo Energy
          • Chemical Sensing
          • Photons-to-Chemicals
          • Thermochemical Materials
        • Food and Pharma Printing
    • Buildings, Infrastructure & Maritime
      • Roadmaps
        • Safe and Sustainable Living Environment
          • Infrastructure
            • Extending service life civil structures
            • Sustainable infrastructure
            • Asphalt and road building
          • Sustainable buildings: towards an energy-producing built environment
            • Innovative solutions for sustainable cities and neighbourhoods
            • Thermochemical heat storage
              • Compact heat battery for energy storage at home
              • Compact device for heat storage
              • Research and development of multiple heat storing systems
            • Personal comfort in the work place
            • Products for an energy-positive built environment
            • Sustainable self-supporting urban smart grid
            • Optimising energy concepts
          • Building innovation
            • Making better use of the potential of bio-based building materials and systems
            • Natural stone
            • Building a safe and efficient care building
            • Understanding the impact of earthquakes on buildings
            • Cold baked brick – energy saving
            • Foundation problems
          • Greenhouse design
            • CASTA: a computing miracle for greenhouse design
            • Systems integration for international greenhouse horticulture
            • Data driven integrated growing systems
            • TNO can calculate incoming light in greenhouses
          • Digitisation in construction
          • Smart megastructures
            • Alternative fuels
            • Foundations
            • Joints in offshore structures
      • Expertise groups
        • Building Physics & Systems
        • Structural Reliability
        • Structural Dynamics
          • Ballistics Course
    • Circular Economy & Environment
      • Roadmaps
        • Circular economy
          • Plastics
            • Transition to circular plastics
            • Recycled plastic
            • Optimising mechanical recycling
            • Reclaiming polymers through physical recycling
            • Thermochemical plastic recycling
            • Möbius dissolution process
            • Recycling of plastics from electronic waste
            • The PRISM model
            • Systemic Impact Assessment of Plastics Value Chains
          • Circular building
            • Online database of (circular) building materials
            • Residual value calculation
          • Impact Assessment
        • Environment & Climate
          • Climate change
            • Nitrogen deposition
            • Greenhouse gases
            • Particulate matter
          • Health and environment
            • Measuring benzene
            • Particulate matter identified
            • Measuring noise pollution
            • Measuring air quality
          • Microplastics
        • Sustainable Chemical Industry
          • Biorizon as a new route to bioaromatics
            • ZCORE project: seaweed residues for superior bio-coatings
            • BIO HArT Biorizon Innovation and Upscaling of Renewable Aromatics Technology
          • Brightlands Materials Center for new sustainable materials
            • Enabling Materials for Additive Manufacturing
          • Brightsite brings climate proof chemistry within reach
          • Voltachem for electrification in the chemical industry
            • Electrification of the chemical industry
            • CO2 Utilisation for Chemicals and Fuels
          • Tech4Climate Conference
      • Expertise groups
        • Environmental modelling, sensing & analysis
          • Chemical Safety Investigations
          • Materials and foreign particle investigations
        • Climate, Air and Sustainability
    • Healthy Living
      • Roadmaps
        • Health Technology & Digital Health
        • Biomedical Health
          • Enabling tomorrow’s medicine
            • Pharmacokinetics
            • Preclinical predictive models improve drug development pathway
            • Drug Target Profiling
          • Organ on a chip
          • Microbiome
          • Lifestyle as Medicine
          • Microtracer
          • Preclinical NASH models
          • Joining forces for better mobile health in Kenya
          • Laboratory facilities for detection and inactivation SARS-CoV
          • Prevention of chronic disease
          • Healthy diet
            • TNO and LUMC present solution for cure of type 2 diabetes
            • NutriTech
            • Complex microflora analysis
          • Allergic and inflammatory diseases
        • Work
          • Healthy, safe and productive working
            • Safe working
            • Sustainable employability vitality
            • Future of work
            • Cleaner production for textile industry in Bangladesh
            • Asbestos innovations and research
            • Exposure assessment and management of asbestos fibres
            • Technological innovations for applications in the asbestos industry
          • Innovative and inclusive regional development
          • Applied exposome programme: connecting the dots for effective prevention of disease
            • Preventing occupational diseases in the future
          • Labour market mismatch demands matching based on skills
          • Labour market of the future
        • Youth
          • Improving a Child’s Future in the First 1,000 Days
          • Early Life: Key to Healthy Growth and Development
          • Healthy upbringing
          • Innovation and effective youth care
          • New score to assess child development
      • Expertise groups
        • Risk Analysis for Products In Development (RAPID)
        • Microbiology & Systems Biology
        • Metabolic Health Research
        • Child Health
        • Work Health Technology
        • Sustainable Productivity and Employability
    • Traffic & Transport
      • Roadmaps
        • SMART and Safe Traffic and Transport
          • Societal impact for accessibility and liveability
            • Decision-making information based on facts for municipalities
            • Making disruptive technologies practicable
            • Accessible, healthy and vibrant cities
            • CITYkeys – Performance evaluation framework for smart cities and projects
            • Big data ecosystems: collaborating on data-controlled cities
              • TNO partner in Advanced Metropolitan Solutions
              • Urban Strategy brings planning effects into clear focus
              • Impact of neighbourhood (re)design made clear
            • Knowledge mediator puts an end to bickering
            • Intact – Climate resilient critical infrastructure
            • Organising mobility
              • Will you soon always have an optimal journey with MaaS?
              • Will technology make future travel unnecessary?
              • How do we steer automated driving in the right direction?
          • Smart mobility and logistics
            • Sustainable logistics
              • Methods for defining carbon footprint
              • Outlook: CO2 reduction in international freight transport
            • Data-driven Logistics
              • Smart building logistics concepts in practice
              • CORE improves supply chain security through enhanced visibility in a commercially sensitive way
              • The Smart Data Factory for logistics
              • Smart Rail Supply Chain Oriented Rail Freight Services
            • First steps towards self-organizing logistics
              • Pilot Autonomous Algorithms
          • Smart vehicles
            • Platooning is positive for traffic, the environment and the wallet
            • TNO helps prove the safety of automated transport
            • TNO clears the road for vehicle automation
            • Prove the functional safety of your vehicles
            • Mobility in the future: safely from A to B with IT Security
          • Smart Mobility Research Centre SMRC
        • Sustainable Traffic and Transport
          • Sustainable Mobility and Logistics
            • Improving air quality by monitoring real-world emissions
              • Emission factors for road traffic
              • Measuring the emissions of powered two wheelers
              • Emissions of particulate matter from diesel cars
              • Random Cycle Generator
              • EnViVer: model traffic flow and emissions
              • Measuring real-world emissions with TNO’s Smart Emissions Measurement System (SEMS)
              • Measuring the emissions of trucks and buses
              • Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Commercial Road Transport
              • Measuring the emissions of non-road mobile machinery
              • Emission measures in practice
            • The transition to CO2-neutral mobility in 2050
              • Measuring the emissions of passenger cars and vans
          • Sustainable Vehicles
            • Innovative technologies for zero-emission vehicles
            • CO2 reduction by high-efficiency Flex Fuel technology with extremely low emissions
            • Actual energy consumption and emissions
            • Hydrogen and the fuel cell
            • Automotive Battery Research
            • Making transport more sustainable by means of electric vehicles
            • Energy Efficient Electric Bus E3Bus
            • eCoMove
            • Hydrogen for internal combustion engines in heavy equipment
          • Green performance of ships
            • Circular shipping
            • Smart logistics
            • Ship propulsion
            • Alternative energy carriers
            • Governance and monitoring
      • Expertise groups
        • TNO research on powertrains
          • Zero Emission Truck Powered by Hydrogen with a Mobile Refueler
          • TNO charger-in-the-loop setup
        • Research on integrated vehicle safety
          • Scenario-based safety validation for Connected and Automated Driving
        • Sustainable Transport and Logistics
        • Sustainable Urban Mobility and Safety
          • Joint Innovation New Urban Mobility
    • Information & Communication Technology
      • Roadmaps
        • Fast open infrastructures
          • Networks
            • Calculation method TNO saves Essent Kabelcom millions
            • Clear5G
            • G.fast test carousel: the more cost-effective way
            • Defining the big picture of 5G: the next generation mobile communications
            • 5G in the healthcare sector
          • Digital Policy
            • Investing in privacy pays off
            • Regulation in the media-internet-telecom value web
          • Social XR
            • VR Together
          • Sport and Media Technology
            • Multi-touch provides overall picture in complex situation
            • MIME: MemoryBanks Interactive Metadata Extraction
            • KING: Kan Ik Nu Goed
        • Data sharing
          • Advanced data analytics
            • Big Data Value Center
            • Shared Value
          • SSI
          • Blockchain
          • Secure multi-party computation
            • Making disruptive technological change happen
            • How you can harness data in a privacy-friendly way
            • Privacy by design: combining data for better government services
            • MPC as a fraud detection and anti-money laundering (AML) tool
          • New generation of data standards to optimise collaboration
          • Optimising care by encrypting patient data
          • International Data Spaces (IDS)
          • Federated learning
        • Trusted ICT
          • Cybersecurity
            • European Cyber Security Perspectives
            • Automated Security
            • Secure Architectures
            • Security Monitoring Detection
            • Supply Chain Security
          • Quantum
            • Quantum computer cancer detection
            • Quantum Safe Crypto
        • Efficiency, effectiveness, quality and the costs of systems
          • Scalable IT Systems
            • ICT and energy
            • Innovative techniques for monitoring infrastructures
            • Interoperability and Open Standards
            • Standardisation of semantics
            • Smart dairy farming
      • Expertise groups
        • Data Science
        • Embedded Systems Innovation (ESI)
        • Networks
        • Monitoring & Control Services
          • A grip on the energy transition with ESDL
        • Cyber Security & Robustness
        • Internet of Things
        • Data Ecosystems
    • Strategic Analysis & Policy
      • Expertise groups
        • Strategic Business Analysis
          • Energy transition: challenging, but possible
            • Paper 1: Raw material scarcity hinders energy transition
            • Paper 2: How to deal with material scarcity
          • Green Chemistry
          • Smart Public Nodes – proving the smart city business case
          • Creating an action repertoire for inclusive business models
          • Value Case Methodology
          • Healthy and gluten-free bread from African climate smart crops
          • SBA Careers
          • The EXIOMOD Model
        • Strategy & Policy
          • AI in the public sector
          • Mission-oriented research and innovation policy
          • Policy Lab: developing data-driven policies
          • Automated decision making & the EU-US Privacy Shield
          • Strategic Innovation Assets
        • Orchestrating Innovation
    • Tech Transfer
      • Mission Tech Transfer
      • About Tech Transfer
      • Projects
      • Spin-offs
      • 25 TNO spin-offs in the spotlight
      • Updates
      • Contact
      • About TNO

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