
Automated 3D inspection and repair without CAD data
For many Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul (MRO) activities, original design data is missing. Often, no 3D CAD model is available for the component that needs to be repaired, even though such information is essential for accurate inspection and restoration. TNO has developed technology that solves this challenge. Using advanced 3D scanning, image analysis and vision algorithms, we make it possible to reconstruct geometric models and automatically detect defects, even when no existing CAD data is available.
From scan to repairable product
The process starts with scanning the object, for example a turbine blade. The component is placed in a scanning portal, where a robot equipped with a 3D scanner maps the object fully automatically. The software independently manages positioning and alignment, minimising the need for human intervention.
Based on the scan data, a geometric model is generated, derived from multiple measurement samples. Cross sections of the object are then analysed at different heights. These are accurately compared with the generated model, making deviations in shape and geometry directly visible.
Automatic defect detection at micron level
By placing the scan of the actual object alongside the reconstructed model, defects can be clearly identified. The system determines not only where the defects are located, but also their size and volume. Defects can be detected and classified at a scale of approximately 10 micrometres.
The result is a parameterised list of defects that can be used directly to drive machining and repair processes.
Directly controllable for repair processes
The generated defect information forms the basis for automated repair. Think of adding material, for example via cladding, and subsequent machining through milling to achieve the required accuracy. From the parameterised data, machining equipment can be directly controlled.
This enables repaired components for which no CAD model previously existed, but which can now be restored using a digitally reconstructed design.

Applicable for MRO organisations
This technology has been developed and is available at TNO, and is particularly relevant for Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul (MRO) organisations aiming to automate and enhance their inspection and repair processes. TNO supports organisations with:
- Setting up an automated scanning and analysis workflow
- Detecting and classifying defects
- Linking analysis to repair and machining processes
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