TNO has developed a dedicated test method to evaluate the ballistic performance of spall liners. Although no international standards are prescribed, TNO can accurately and consistently determine the reduction of the spall angle as a result of using spall liners.
Spall liner test setup, a typical spall fragmentation image and output data.
The test-setup is compatible with any shape or size of armour and spall liner. If it is desired TNO can provide the armour samples. In the indoor large caliber facility a large array of threats are available for the spall liner test. Most commonly TNO uses EFP, shaped charges and KE projectiles ranging from 20 mm to 35 mm. The facility is equipped with X-ray shadowgraph equipment and can provide high speed images for further analysis.
Spall Angle and High Speed Video
To determine the spall angle TNO uses highly accurate digitizers to measure the fragment impacts on witness plates. The image of the witness plates is then processed to calculate the spall angle. TNO can provide a detailed report of the performance of your samples as well as detailed photography and high speed video recordings.
Our work
Services Ballistics Research
The customers of the ballistics research laboratory consist of both defence ministries, the international defence industry as well as the civilian industry. Read moreDownloads
-
Vulnerability and Lethality
pdf • 435 KB
-
Lethality and Munition
pdf • 1.6 MB
-
Test Standards
pdf • 15 KB
- Buildings, Infrastructure & Maritime
- Roadmaps
- Buildings & Infrastructure
- Infrastructure
- Extending service life civil structures
- Monitoring civil works
- Probabilistic method
- Sustainable infrastructure
- MEC-Bouwlab (Lab for Materials, Energy and Construction)
- Damage investigation
- Steel structures
- Concrete and concrete structures
- Asphalt and road building
- Railways
- Tunnels
- Testing and assessing life-cycle performance
- Transition joints and transition structures
- Water safety
- Impact of traffic on civil works
- Locks and water safety
- Monitoring and Asset Management
- Safety and risk assessment
- Safe infrastructure at minimal cost
- Asset management
- Energy in the built environment
- Innovative solutions for sustainable cities and neighbourhoods
- Heat battery a breakthrough in the storage of renewable energy
- Heat pumps
- Energy performance
- Ventilation
- Thermal solar energy
- E2B: the top building research programme for Europe
- Personal comfort in the work place
- EINSTEIN: Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage Systems
- Building innovation
- Coatings
- FIREFISH: Firesafety for Healthcare
- Building Information Models - BIM
- Smart building designs, deliveries and building management with BIM Bots
- Results-oriented property maintenance: simple economical
- Results-oriented building
- Shock, vibration and heavy-duty testing
- Constructive safety of (existing) building structures
- Reliability of existing structures
- Building processes
- Building structures
- Noise and vibration comfort in lightweight buildings
- Collaboration on product innovations
- Modelling and online maps to support health sector real estate planning
- Comprehensive technical assessment of existing homes
- COINS helps building systems to talk to each other
- Natural stone
- Cold baked brick
- Falling wall cladding
- Desalination of masonry
- Fungi and algae on building materials
- Greenhouse design
- CASTA: a computing miracle for greenhouse design
- Systems integration for international greenhouse horticulture
- Data driven integrated growing systems
- TNO can calculate incoming light in greenhouses
- New test protocol for greenhouse light transmittance
- Greenhouse structures
- GreenGrowing: smart energy management
- CO2 capture in greenhouses
- Tomato value chain in Rwanda: minimizing food losses
- Maritime & Offshore
- Expertise groups
- Circular Economy & Environment
- Roadmaps
- Environment & Sustainability
- Health and the city
- Air quality
- TNO's knowhow for healthier and climate-proof air quality
- Nanoparticle and particulate research
- International emission estimation
- Measuring air quality
- Air quality and climate
- National and regional emission monitoring
- Air quality
- NO2 emissions from traffic reduced
- New method for assessing shipping emissions
- TNO contributes to new CAMS operational air quality system
- Noise
- Public safety
- Integrated area development
- Monitoring community development programmes (India)
- Urbis
- Decisions based on studies of the future
- Interactive instruments
- Innovation in the public sector
- Learning History tool helps province by network approach
- Eurbanlab - Validating sustainable urban innovations
- Subsurface and spatial planning
- Innovation in building and construction
- TNO in the Zuidas project
- Learning History supports innovation projects
- ProVer® elucidates and links cooperation processes
- Eurbanlab and Construction21 join forces to accelerate sustainable urban innovation
- Cities and the climate
- A circular economy the basis for a sustainable society
- Water technology
- Expertise groups
- Defence, Safety & Security
- Roadmaps
- Operations & Human Factors
- Climate Chambers for Research into Human Performance
- Desdemona: the next generation in movement simulation
- LT Lab: the TNO learning technology laboratory
- Performance and health monitoring
- Motion sickness and performance
- The neurobiology of Stress
- Operational military performance in a virtual world
- SUPRA
- Simulation Live Virtual and Constructive
- Concept Development & Experimentation
- IAMD: Integrated Air & Missile Defence
- JROADS
- FACSIM
- Helicopter studies
- Replacement of the F-16
- MARVEL / Comprehensive Approach
- TNO ACE: Advanced CD&E Environment
- Integrated approach to Dutch Royal Navy patrol ships
- Operational analysis during military operations
- SketchaWorld: from sketch to virtual world
- Information & Sensor Systems
- LFAS - Low Frequency Active Sonar
- Tanker Remote Vision System
- Platform signatures
- TNO shapes the future of MMICs and RFICs
- CARPET: Computer-Aided Radar Performance Evaluation Tool
- Underwater Warfare and Security
- Wide Area Motion Imagery WAMI
- SAKAMATA: sonar and marine mammals
- PARANOID: rapid information processing
- Mine analysis and threat evaluation
- Ship acoustics and underwater acoustic signatures
- PERSEUS Wind Turbine Radar Interference Assessment tool
- Electromagnetic security
- National Security
- A new vision on modernizing the emergency reporting process
- Social media in the security sector
- Cyber Security Lab
- Automatic Video Compilation and Analysis System (AVACS)
- Security Mission Information & Innovation Group (SMI2G)
- Critical infrastructure protection
- Concealed weapon detection
- European Cyber Security Perspectives
- FP7 Project IMPACT Europe
- Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) policies in Europe
- @MIGO: border control
- Smarter Surveillance, man, machine, synergy
- Cyber Security of Industrial Control Systems
- Protection, Munitions & Weapons
- Weapon Effects & Protection Center
- Firepower
- Protection and survivability of vehicles
- Naval ship protection and survivability
- Protection and survivability of infrastructure
- World-class ballistics research
- Countering IEDs
- Materials for protection concepts
- Energetic Materials
- Ammunition Safety
- Ballistic Performance and Personal Protection
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Protection
- Expertise groups
- Intelligent Imaging
- Distributed Sensor Systems
- Acoustics and Sonar
- Weapon Systems
- Explosions, Ballistics and Protection
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Protection
- Energetic Materials
- Human Behaviour and Organisational Innovation
- Networked Organisations
- Training and Performance Innovations
- Perceptual and Cognitive Systems
- Military Operations
- Modelling, Simulation and Gaming
- Electronic Defence
- Radar Technology
- ECN part of TNO
- Roadmaps
- Towards ubiquitous Solar Energy
- Towards large-scale generation of wind energy
- Support structure just as important as the wind turbine itself
- Wind turbines, fully in motion
- Innovation towards 10-20 MW offshore wind turbines
- How to model 10MW+ turbines aerodynamically?
- Design for Reliable Power Performance (D4REL)
- Reduce costs and improve output through optimised tip design wind blades
- VortexLoads: Vortex-wake models in wind turbine design
- Modelling improvement wind turbine blades
- RealCoE: Converters for Clean, Low Cost and Competitive Electricity
- Less production per wind turbine, still higher yield
- Logistics innovative strength at home and abroad
- Leader in wind turbine management and maintenance
- Wind farms in synergy with the environment
- Innovative methods for wind measurements
- Towards broad support for the energy transition
- Towards an energy-producing environment
- Towards CO2 neutral fuels and feedstock
- Biomass to fuels and feedstock
- ARBAHEAT - Sustainable future for coal-fired power stations possible through conversion to biomass
- AMBITION Advanced biofuel production from lignin rich residues
- BECOOL EU Brazilian cooperation on advanced biofuels
- Horti-BlueC - a new EU cooperation on reducing Bio-waste and CO2-footprint in horticulture
- UNRAVEL - valorization of lignocellulosic biomass
- MacroFuels advanced biofuels from seaweed
- BRISK2 Biofuel Research Infrastructure for Sharing Knowledge
- New facility ECN part of TNO for seaweed processing
- Electricity to fuels and feedstock
- Traditional fuels and raw materials
- Towards CO2 neutral industry
- Towards a reliable sustainable energy system
- Geological Survey of the Netherlands
- Geological Survey of the Netherlands
- 100 years of geological mapping
- GeoTOP
- Sand, gravel and clay extraction
- GIS and other tools for interactive planning
- DINO, Data and Information of the Dutch Subsurface
- BRO: the Dutch Key Register of the Subsurface
- Sustainable use and management Flemish-Dutch subsurface
- Petroleum Geological Atlas of the Southern Permian Basin
- 3D Subsurface mapping of the Dutch offshore
- Geological Survey of the Netherlands across borders
- Expertise
- Healthy Living
- Roadmaps
- Health Technology & Digital Health
- Biomedical Health
- Work
- Healthy, safe and productive working
- Safe working
- Sustainable employability vitality
- Future of work
- Ergonomic hand tools in farming (Ghana)
- Cleaner production for textile industry in Bangladesh
- EUWIN, The European Workplace Innovation Network
- Asbestos innovations and research
- Exposure assessment and management of asbestos fibres
- Innovation and detecting asbestos in air, soil and water
- Technological innovations for applications in the asbestos industry
- Innovative and inclusive regional development
- Youth
- Expertise groups
- Industry
- Roadmaps
- Flexible & Free-form Products
- Additive Manufacturing
- Integrating 3D printing and flexible post-processing
- Applied Research for Industrial Automation
- Glass powder printer
- PlanoColor® nanopigments
- High Viscous Material Inkjet Printer
- Line width roughness measurement
- Improved Micro-stereolithography
- Direct Metal Printing
- Rapid Manufacturing Demo Centre
- Continuous 3d printing: faster, cheaper and more flexible
- Large Area Electronics
- Development of new materials
- Van 't Hoff Program
- Next Generation Solar Production Equipment
- Space & Scientific Instrumentation
- Semiconductor Equipment
- Sustainable Chemical Industry
- Feedstock flexibility
- Shared Research Centre for Biobased Aromatics
- BIO HArT Biorizon Innovation and Upscaling of Renewable Aromatics Technology
- TNO at Green Chemistry Campus in Bergen op Zoom
- Biomass: chemical building blocks plastics and coatings
- BIO-TIC partnering platform for cooperation in bioeconomy
- CO2 Utilisation for Chemicals and Fuels
- Low cost, full biodegradable sanitary pads for Bangladesh
- Efficient processing
- Electrification of the chemical industry
- Provide!
- R&D approach and services
- Computational Fluid Dynamics
- Intensified separation technology
- Continuous Crystallisation
- Process Safety Solutions
- Scientifically developed LCA methodologies to improve your carbon footprint of chemicals and sustainability competitive edge
- Improved product functionality
- Expertise groups
- Information & Communication Technology
- Strategic Analysis & Policy
- Traffic & Transport
- Roadmaps
- SMART Traffic and Transport
- Societal impact for accessibility and liveability
- Decision-making information based on facts for municipalities
- Making disruptive technologies practicable
- Accessible, healthy and vibrant cities
- CITYkeys – Performance evaluation framework for smart cities and projects
- Big data ecosystems: collaborating on data-controlled cities
- Knowledge mediator puts an end to bickering
- Intact – Climate resilient critical infrastructure
- Smart mobility and logistics
- Smart vehicles
- Sustainable Traffic and Transport
- Sustainable Mobility and Logistics
- Improving air quality by monitoring real-world emissions
- Emission factors for road traffic
- Measuring the emissions of powered two wheelers
- Emissions of particulate matter from diesel cars
- Random Cycle Generator
- EnViVer: model traffic flow and emissions
- Measuring real-world emissions with TNO’s Smart Emissions Measurement System (SEMS)
- Measuring the emissions of trucks and buses
- Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Commercial Road Transport
- Measuring the emissions of non-road mobile machinery
- The transition to CO2-neutral mobility in 2050
- Sustainable Vehicles
- Innovative technologies for zero-emission vehicles
- CO2 reduction by high-efficiency Flex Fuel technology with extremely low emissions
- Actual energy consumption and emissions
- Hydrogen and the fuel cell
- Automotive Battery Research
- Making transport more sustainable by means of electric vehicles
- Making transport more sustainable by means of electric vehicles (1)
- Energy Efficient Electric Bus E3Bus
- eCoMove
- Expertise groups
Dr. Louk Absil
70 years of Defence Research
