SeBaPaD: Secure Battery Passport Demonstrator

Battery Passport

The rise of battery use highlights the need to address battery sustainability, including ethical material sourcing, energy-efficient production, and proper disposal to minimise environmental harm. A circular economy approach, where batteries are reused, repurposed, or recycled, is gaining importance.

To promote sustainability, initiatives like the Battery Passport have emerged, providing detailed information about a battery’s lifecycle. Starting February 2027, batteries sold in the EU for light transport, industrial, and electric vehicles must have a Battery Passport, enhancing transparency in the battery value chain. TNO joins forces with NXP and industry in the SeBaPaD project with the aim of demonstrating the development and the results of a secure Battery Passport.

How do we achieve this?

Research institutes and industry have been working on developing the technology for market introduction. In the national project Green Transport Delta – Electrification, TNO and NXP worked together to develop and demonstrate a reference battery system capable of supporting a Battery Passport.

In that earlier work, TNO developed the information technology system for storage, data sharing, and access-rights management of battery data. ELEO provided the battery system and NXP supplied the Battery Management System hardware, which were integrated and used for proof-of-concept testing.

SeBaPaD takes the next step by focusing on the quality and reliability of the battery condition and performance information that needs to be reported in the Battery Passport. TNO implemented a set of State-of-X algorithms that determine battery condition and performance indicators and are designed to remain reliable as the battery ages.

A key aspect is that the algorithms track degradation over time and adapt their calculations accordingly, so that battery condition assessment remains consistent throughout the battery lifetime. Additionally, the algorithm framework, referred to as “TNO SoX Toolchain”, is designed according to the requirements of the Battery Passport data model.

To support trust in the reported values, SeBaPaD also implements measures on both hardware and software level. The Battery Management System includes a secure element to support detection and registration of sensor and data manipulation and to enable secure transmission of battery data into the Battery Passport system. In addition, TNO implements model-based methods that help distinguish abnormal behavior from normal battery degradation over time.

Impact

The project demonstrates that it is technically feasible to deliver secure, reliable, and interoperable Battery Passport information that remains trustworthy throughout the battery lifetime.

By enabling accurate insight into battery condition and performance, the demonstrator supports better decisions on battery reuse, repurposing, and recycling, contributing to the transition toward a circular battery economy. The results provide a validated technical foundation for future Battery Passport implementations and support industry preparation for upcoming regulatory requirements.

Next steps

Following completion of the initial demonstrator, TNO and NXP are continuing to expand and validate the system. Next steps include:

• Scaling the demonstrator from a 50-volt battery module to a 500-volt battery pack.
• Testing with additional battery chemistries, including lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries.
• Adding further safety, monitoring, and control layers required for higher-voltage systems.

Curious about SeBaPaD or TNO’s expertise on Battery Passport and algorithms? Contact one of our experts.